双语对照|如何让科研事业走得更远（下）

从事科研事业的博士后及访问学者们，工作中是否会产生焦虑？是否有想换方向的冲动？遇到挫折怎么处理？对于这些问题，Nature曾给出由不同领域六位杰出学者提供的10个建议，在此知识人网小编用双语对照的形式推送给大家。

JOHN DUNLOP

Biophysicist at the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Austria.

奥地利萨尔茨堡巴黎洛德隆大学的生物物理学家

6、Knock on doors多敲门合作

I went from graduate school in Australia to postdoctoral positions in France and Germany before getting this job in Austria. Whenever I start somewhere new, I always make sure to go around and introduce myself. At the very least, it makes you known. You find out who has what instrument — information that is not always readily available on the institution’s website. Introducing yourself can lead to collaborations. If you’re really curious about what other people are doing and what excites them about their research, you’ll naturally find the people you can collaborate with.

我从澳大利亚的研究生院毕业后，到法国和德国做的博士后，然后才在奥地利找到这份工作。每当我开始在一个新的地方工作，我总是四处走动，并做自我介绍。至少要让别人知道我。这个过程中，你会发现谁有什么仪器设备工具——这些信息并不总是可以在机构的网站上找到。自我介绍可以带来合作。如果你真的很好奇别人在做什么，他们的研究兴趣点是什么，你自然会发现可以和你合作的人。

7、Don’t sweat the small details别为小细节闹心

I was stressed out during my postdoc at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam, Germany, because I wasn’t publishing as many papers as my colleagues were. You always compare yourself to the people around you. But my mentor was very supportive: He said my goal should be to fill my batteries with science. You have to have the freedom to explore new things, meet people, travel to conferences and build up a database of potential research topics in your mind. You can draw on those reserves when it’s time to set up your own lab. Looking back, the things that worried me didn’t really matter in the big picture.

我在德国波茨坦的马克斯·普朗克胶体与界面研究所博士后期间，因为没有像我的同事们那样发表许多论文，而感到压力很大。你总是会拿自己和周围的人比较。但是我的导师非常支持我，他说我的目标应该是用科学来充电。你必须有自由支配的时间去探索新事物，结识人，出席会议，并在你的头脑中建立一个潜在的研究主题数据库。在建立自己的实验室时，你可以利用这些储备。回首往事，那些曾经让我担心的事情在大局中其实并不重要。

EMILY ROBERTS

Owner of Personal Finance for PhDs in Seattle, Washington.

华盛顿州西雅图的私人理财博士

8、Know your value知道自己的价值

Before you accept any position, be ready to negotiate. Whether you’re transitioning from graduate school to a postdoc position or from a postdoc to a permanent job, the number they’ll offer you will look pretty great. But you have to put that salary into context. Think about taxes and the money you want to put away for savings. And if you’re moving to a new city, you’ll have to consider your change in living expenses.

在你接受任何职位之前，请准备好谈判。无论你是从研究生过渡到一个博士后的职位，还是从博士后过渡到长期工作，他们会给你开出一些看起来很好的条件。但你必须把薪水放在特定的环境中考虑，想想你要交的税，还有你想存多少钱。如果你要搬到一个新的城市，你将不得不考虑一下生活费用的变化。

A realistic look at the numbers should motivate you to ask for a higher salary. But your new employer doesn’t want to hear about living expenses. You have to make your argument based on your own merits and what you bring to the position. A little research beforehand is imperative. Find out what other people in a similar situation can expect to make. Before my husband took a job at a biotech company in Seattle, we talked to a lot of people in the industry. You have to know what you’re worth.

实事求是地看待这些数字应该会激励你要求更高的薪水。但你的新雇主不想听你说生活费的事。你必须根据自己的优点和给职位带来的贡献提出你的论点。事先做一点研究是必要的。找出类似情况下的其他人可能期望做什么。在我丈夫去西雅图的一家生物技术公司工作之前，我们和很多业内人士进行了交流。你必须知道自己的价值。

9、Think outside the lab实验室外的思考

Many graduate students and postdocs have a goal to stay in academia, and that’s great. But you don’t want to get blinkered in. Keep an eye on side projects and outside activities that you may end up really enjoying. That certainly happened with me. I thought I was on the path to a faculty job, but I was doing advocacy work on the side. I eventually realized I was getting a lot more traction and recognition for my advocacy than for my work with frogs. I couldn’t have planned where I am now, but I’m here because I kept my options open.

许多研究生和博士后都有一个目标-留在学术界，这很好。但你不要因此目光狭隘。你需要关注你最终可能真正享受的附带项目和外部活动。这确实我身上发生过：我以为我走在一条成为全职教师的道路上，但我同时也在做一些辅助的行政工作。最终我意识到，比起做青蛙相关的研究工作，我做辅助和行政工作得到了更多的支持和认可。我没想到我会做到今天的位置，但我能到这里，是因为我一直做出了这样的选择。

People ask whether I miss the bench. Really, I don’t at all. I have a lot of intellectual freedom, and people seem to hold my work in high regard. Pretty much everyone I’ve met who has left academia says they enjoy what they’re doing. I’m done with microinjecting frog embryos.

人们问我是否错失了良机。真的，我一点也不介意。我有选择做什么的自由，而且人们似乎也很尊重我的工作。我见过离开学术界的几乎所有人都说他们喜欢他们正在做的事情。我再也不用做显微注射青蛙胚胎了。

10、Don’t take grants for granted不要把得到基金资助当成理所当然

It’s going to make your life a lot easier if you know how the major grant  systems work. I studied the US National Institutes of Health grant-making  process as part of my advocacy work, and I learned a lot more about grants than I ever learned at the bench. Being on Twitter helps, because people there talk about grants in great detail. But if you don’t make an effort to really understand the mechanisms, you’ll get a mixture of advice that’s all hearsay. The most successful people are the ones who sit down and look at everything that’s out there.

如果你知道主要的基金系统是如何运作的，你的生活会轻松得多。作为我的行政工作的一部分，我研究了美国国立卫生研究院的基金拨款发放的过程，比我做科研的时候学到了更多关于基金申请的信息。一开始我是从上推特上找信息的，因为在那里人们谈论基金都讲得非常详细。但是如果你不努力去真正理解这些机制，你会得到各种各样的建议，但那都是道听途说，最成功的人是那些坐下来看看外面一切事物的人。