双语|中国和印度仍然主导着美国的国际学者领域

由美国国务院教育和文化事务局支持的国际教育学会期刊《门户开放》，调查了2021-2022赴美的国际学者来源情况，发表文章，“China and India still dominate international scholars field in US”（中国和印度仍然主导着美国的国际学者领域）为方便读者，知识人网小编用双语对照的形式转发该文。

While still not nearing the all-time high of over 136,000 scholars in 2018/19, the number of international postdoctoral students and visiting lecturers and researchers in the US increased by 6% to 90,891 for the 2021/22 year, new data has revealed.

新数据显示，虽然2018/19年度美国的国际博士后、访问学者和研究人员人数仍未接近历史最高水平（超过13.6万人），但2021/22年度该类人员的数量增加了6%，达到90,891人。

The findings of the Open Doors international scholars research shows that China and India are still the leading places of origin for international scholars in the US, with the two countries making up over 38% of all international scholars in the country.

门户开放国际学者的研究结果显示，中国和印度仍然是美国国际学者的主要来源地，这两个国家占美国所有国际学者的38%以上。

However, in 2020/21 there was a decline of 26% of scholars from China, while the number of scholars from India increased by 17% during the same period.

然而，在2020/21年度，来自中国的学者人数下降了26%，而同期来自印度的学者人数增加了17%。

Many leaders at HEIs attribute this to the easing of travel restrictions, according to IIE’s head of research, evaluation, and learning Mirka Martel.

IIE的研究、评估和学习负责人米尔卡·马特尔（Mirka Martel）表示，高等教育机构的许多领导人将此归因于旅行限制的放松。

“While we are not yet seeing a full rebound to pre-pandemic totals, we are seeing a positive trend in numbers this year,” she said.

她说：“虽然我们还没有看到总数完全反弹到疫情大流行前的水平，但我们看到今年的数字呈积极趋势。”

The latest survey of 1,700 US institutions asking about scholar mobility flows to the US shows a gradual rise after the Covid-19 pandemic. The 2019/20 release saw the number of international scholars fall by 13,055, while the following year saw a further 30% decline.

对1,700所美国机构进行的最新咨询调查显示，在新冠疫情大流行后，赴美学者流动性逐渐上升。2019/20学年的国际学者人数减少了13，055人，而第二年则进一步下降了30%。

The number dropped below 100,000 in 2020/21 for the first time since the 2006/7 academic year – a total it has not yet returned to.

自2006/7学年以来，这一数字在2020/21学年首次降至10万以下–这一总数尚未恢复。

International scholars include postdoctoral students, visiting lecturers and researchers, and short-term scholars or visiting specialists.

国际学者包括博士后、访问学者、研究人员，以及短期学者或访问专家。

“We have seen robust growth in European countries that have fared also very well”

“我们看到欧洲国家的强劲增长，这些国家也表现非常好”。

The remaining five top countries of origin are South Korea with 5,439 (+10.4%), Canada with 3,993 (+3.4%) and Germany with 3,389 (+40.1%).

其余五个最大的原籍国是韩国，5,439人（+10.4%），加拿大，3,993人（+3.4%）和德国，3,389人（+40.1%）。

“We have also seen an increase in scholars from South Korea,” Martel added.

“我们也看到来自韩国的学者有所增加，”马特尔补充说。

“In addition, we have seen robust growth in European countries that have fared also very well. And international scholars from Germany, Italy, France, and Spain have also seen significant percentage increases.”

“此外，我们还看到欧洲国家的强劲增长，这些国家也表现良好。来自德国、意大利、法国和西班牙的国际学者也有显著的百分比增长。”

Brazil increased by 27.4% to reach 3,292, Italy by 29.% to hit 2,948, France by 22.3% to 2,590 and Spain by 37.5% to 2,136.

巴西增长了27.4%，达到3,292人，意大利增长了29.0%至2948人。法国为22.3%，达到2,590人;西班牙为37.5%至2136人

Pakistan saw a marked increase of 56.1%, sending 1,280 researchers and lecturers, as did Colombia, which rose by 45.8%, sending 1,133. A 56.3% rise among Nigerian academics saw 616 travel to the US.

巴基斯坦显著增加了56.1%，派出了1,280名研究人员和讲师，哥伦比亚也增加了45.8%，派出了1133名。尼日利亚学者中有616人前往美国，增幅为56.3%。

She also noted during the February 8 data release webinar that IIE will be “watching this data closely in the coming year”, as China is the leading country of origin for international scholars coming to the US.

她还在2月8日的数据发布网络研讨会上指出，IIE将“在未来一年密切关注这些数据”，因为中国是国际学者来美国的主要来源国。

The top states scholars were drawn to for their 2021/22 activities were California, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and Texas.

2021/22年活动吸引学者最多的州是加利福尼亚州、马萨诸塞州、纽约州、宾夕法尼亚州和得克萨斯州IIE research specialist Julie Baer addressed the academic activities of international scholars. “Research has traditionally been the primary activity of international scholars in the US,” she offered, with three out of four scholars conducting research in the US.

国际教育学会研究专家朱莉·贝尔在国际学者的学术活动中发表讲话：“传统上，研究一直是国际学者在美国的主要活动，”她提出，四分之三的学者在美国进行研究。

Approximately 9% were engaged in teaching activities, while 8% were engaged in a combination of research and teaching, a slight increase from the past few years.

约9%从事教学活动，8%从事研究和教学相结合的工作，比过去几年略有增加。

At 79%, most international scholars specialised in the STEM fields, which included physical and life sciences, engineering, health professions, math and computer science, and agriculture. A far smaller percentage of scholars conducted activities in the social sciences and business and management.

79%的国际学者专注于STEM领域，包括物理和生命科学、工程、卫生专业、数学和计算机科学以及农业。从事社会科学、商业和管理活动的学者比例要小得多。

Several years ago, IIE started collecting data on scholars’ duration of stay in the US. “Since international scholars conduct a wide array of activities, from leading research projects, to attending symposia, the length of stay can vary quite significantly,” Baer said.

几年前，国际教育研究所开始收集学者在美国停留时间的数据。贝尔说：“由于国际学者从事的活动范围广泛，从领先的研究项目到参加研讨会，逗留时间可能会有很大的差异。”

While a “notable uptick” was seen in short-term appointments from 24% to 31% this year and the number of long-term stays remaining consistent over the past few years, mid-length durations continue to be the most popular length of stay.

虽然今年短期聘用从24%“上升”至31%，而长期住留的数量在过去几年中保持不变，但中等长度时间仍然是最受欢迎的逗留期。

Baer underscored the support of international scholars by HEIs. “Most colleges and universities have continued to prioritise communication with scholars, either in welcoming new scholars or supporting scholars.”

贝尔强调了高等院校对国际学者的支持。“无论是欢迎新学者还是支持学者方面，大多数高校都继续将与学者的沟通放在优先位置。”

She listed providing information about health, safety and wellbeing, along with providing information on travel and visa procedures and virtual support via technology as ways HEIs are ramping up support efforts.

她列举了提供有关健康、安全和福祉的信息，提供有关旅行和签证程序的信息以及通过技术提供虚拟支持，作为高等教育机构加大支持力度的方式。

The survey data was drawn from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022, a time when many students and faculty had returned to in-person classes on campus.

调查数据取自2021年7月1日至2022年6月30日，当时很多学生和教职员工已返回校园面授课堂。

For over seven decades, IIE has been publishing Open Doors with the support of the US Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. It is composed of four separate surveys sent to around 1,700 HEIs in the US annually.

七十多年来，国际教育学会一直在美国国务院教育和文化事务局的支持下出版《门户开放》。它由四个独立的调查组成，每年发送给美国约1,700所高等教育机构。

作者：The PIE News     来源：thepienews